Scoliosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Scoliosis is a medical condition where a person’s spine curves sideways in an abnormal “S” or “C” shape. While a slight curve in the spine is normal, scoliosis refers to a curve greater than 10 degrees.

Types of Scoliosis:

1. Idiopathic Scoliosis – Most common type; the cause is unknown. Often develops in adolescents.
2. Congenital Scoliosis – Caused by a malformation of the spine during fetal development.
3. Neuromuscular Scoliosis – Associated with conditions like cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord injury.
4. Degenerative Scoliosis – Occurs in older adults due to spinal degeneration (arthritis, osteoporosis, etc.).

Symptoms:

• Uneven shoulders or waist
• One hip higher than the other
• Ribs sticking out on one side
• Back pain (especially in adults)
• Leaning to one side

Diagnosis:

• Physical exam: Adam’s forward bend test
• Imaging: X-ray (most common), MRI or CT if needed

Treatment Options:

1. Observation – For mild cases (curves under 20°), especially in growing children.
2. Bracing – Helps prevent progression in children or teens with moderate scoliosis (curves between 25°–45°).
3. Chiropractor Treatment – May help with posture and pain, though it can reverse the curve
4. Surgery (Spinal Fusion) – Recommended for severe curves (usually over 45–50°) or when scoliosis causes significant symptoms.

Living with Scoliosis:

•Many people lead normal, active lives.
•Regular check-ups are important, especially during growth spurts.
•Severe scoliosis may affect lung function or cause chronic pain if untreated.